GIS, Ecological and Spatial Data for site Selection in Soil Conservation Planning: Case study Hable Roud Basin in Iran
Ali Akbar Jamali
Last modified: 2008-09-13
Abstract
According to this believe that ecology is collection of human and environment should be a balance relation in the collection. Soil erosion is an unbalance that should be control and eliminate. Hable Roud basin with high erosion was selected as study area that located in the east of Tehran city. By new techniques such as GIS, GPS and RS, ecological and spatial factor and constraint maps were built. A criteria tree model with visual programming was designed. Ecological and spatial factors: (sediment yield, slope, rainfall, vegetation cover, soil), economical spatial factors: (proximity to croplands, to road, to village, to river, to spring) and spatial constraints: (slope, soil permeability, geomorphology, landslide, landuse, and rainfall). For sediment yield mapping some ecological factors such as rock formation sensitivity to erosion, soil erodibility, climate, runoff, vegetation cover, and so on had been used thus were not used again in models. In spatial multi criteria decision making method, all of the factors that are no homogenous in values or classes should be standardize to continuous 0 to 1 and be homogenous for correct compositing. Factors weighing were done by pairwise in analytical hierarchical processing (AHP) and direct method by considering stakeholders opinions. Next, these factor layers were composite by spatial multi criteria evaluation (SMCE) in ILWIS, GIS software. Outputs were composite index maps with continuous values from zero to one. These maps were classified by their values-pixels histograms, and identified in each class which measure should be done. Spatial planning for soil erosion control was recommended (bench terraces). Coincidence of implemented and recommended regions show suitability of this built system. Finally, recommended scenario was compared with some executed projects and this system can make optimum program for watersheds accurately and fast.